Exploring the Role of Programming and Cognitive Skills in Code Comprehension and Workload Measurement

Abstract

This study explores how programming and cognitive skills contribute to software com- prehension and how programmers’ cognitive workload is measured. The review shows that code reading, tracing, and debugging are the most frequently studied programming skills, supported by cognitive abilities such as working memory, reasoning, and problem-solving. Coding tasks and comprehension tests are the most common evaluation methods, while advanced tools such as fMRI, EEG, and eye-tracking provide deeper insights into mental effort. Key parameters used across studies include task accuracy, completion time, and brain activity. However, research in this area still faces challenges such as small sample sizes, self-report bias, high sensor costs, and difficulty replicating real programming condi- tions. Overall, the findings highlight the need for practical and scalable methods to better understand how programmers think and manage cognitive load while working with complex code.