Vehicle Noise and Vibration: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

Vehicle noise and vibration (NV) have become critical concerns in the automotive industry, influencing vehicle design, passenger comfort, and environmental standards. As vehicles become more technologically advanced, the demand for quieter and more comfortable rides has intensified, prompting manufacturers to prioritize NV reduction. This review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the sources of NV in vehicles, including engine and powertrain noise, tire-road interactions, and aerodynamic effects. It also discusses the psychological and physiological effects of NV on occupants, noting that prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to stress, fatigue, and other health-related issues. The broader environmental implications, including the contribution of vehicular noise pollution to urban soundscapes and wildlife disturbances, are also examined.

 Furthermore, the article explores current mitigation strategies employed within the industry, such as advanced material selection, innovative design optimization techniques, and the application of active noise control systems. Recent advancements in noise and vibration control technologies are highlighted, showcasing innovative approaches like machine learning algorithms that predict NV behavior and dynamically adjust vehicle systems to enhance comfort. By synthesizing current research, practices, and technologies in the field, this article aims to inform stakeholders—including engineers, manufacturers, and regulatory bodies—about effective solutions and inspire further advancements in the design and engineering of vehicles.