Next-Generation Wireless Communication Technologies: A Survey

Abstract

The evolution of wireless communication technologies has been characterized by continuous innovation, from the advent of 1G networks enabling basic voice calls to the robust 4G LTE networks providing high-speed internet access. As we stand at the threshold of the next era, anticipation surrounds the development of next-generation wireless technologies, often referred to as 6G and beyond. These technologies promise transformative advancements in speed, reliability, and connectivity, building upon the foundation laid by 5G. Key innovations include terahertz communication, satellite internet constellations, and integration with artificial intelligence and edge computing. This survey explores the technological foundations, potential applications across sectors like healthcare and transportation, and the challenges—including spectrum allocation and regulatory frameworks—that must be overcome. By addressing these complexities through global collaboration and innovation, next-generation wireless communication technologies hold immense promise for reshaping global connectivity and fostering a more interconnected and digitally empowered world.