Climate Change and Sustainable Tourism: Mitigation Pathways and Implications for Destination Development

Abstract

Climate change poses severe threats to global tourism systems, affecting natural resources, destination competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. This review synthesizes contemporary literature on climate–tourism interactions, emphasizing mitigation strategies, low-carbon transitions, governance mechanisms, and implications for destination development. It also highlights emerging tools, policy frameworks, and stakeholder roles needed to support climate-resilient tourism futures. Findings reveal that integrated planning, renewable energy integration, sustainable mobility innovations, and community engagement form the foundation of effective climate mitigation in tourism destinations.