Advancing Technological Entrepreneurship: Insights into Start-Up Ecosystems, Innovation Strategies, and Policy Frameworks

Abstract

Technological entrepreneurship has emerged as a cornerstone of innovation-driven economies, underpinned by increasingly sophisticated start-up ecosystems, supportive policies, and digital transformation. This study provides a systematic review of literature on technological entrepreneurship, with a focus on start-up incubation ecosystems, innovation strategies, and policy frameworks. By synthesizing insights from bibliometric and systematic review studies, the paper critically evaluates the evolution of incubation models, the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems, and the impact of technological and digital innovations. The findings highlight a clear shift from localized, institution-centric ecosystems toward globally interconnected, digitally enabled networks, while identifying persistent challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, uneven policy effectiveness, and limited longitudinal research. The study contributes an integrated conceptual framework that links ecosystem actors, innovation processes, and policy mechanisms, offering guidance for future research, policy formulation, and practical implementation in technology-driven entrepreneurship.