Journal of Advanced Research in Humanities and Social Sciences

Tribal Welfare in Kerala: A Critical Analysis of Deprivation, Policy Interventions and Development Outcomes

2025-11-25T15:07:44+00:00

In India, tribal communities are officially recognised as distinct socio-cultural groups with unique historical, linguistic and territorial identities. To promote their comprehensive development and safeguard their rights, all states implement Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) frameworks, which earmark proportionate budgetary allocations and mandate targeted interventions for Scheduled Tribes. A critical examination of the challenges and policy measures associated with tribal welfare in Kerala indicates that the stateâ€”despite its national reputation for high social developmentâ€”has not yet achieved substantive or sustainable tribal advancement. Persistent gaps remain in addressing structural issues such as land alienation, access to quality education, healthcare disparities, and socio-economic marginalisation. Furthermore, the administration of financial resources under TSP continues to present significant complexities. Kerala faces recurrent difficulties in planning, allocating, and utilising tribal development funds in a timely and need-based manner. Fragmented institutional mechanisms, delays in fund flow, lack of community participation, and insufficient monitoring systems collectively hinder the effective operationalisation of welfare programmes. Consequently, these administrative and systemic challenges generate inconsistencies and confusion in policy implementation, limiting the transformative potential of tribal development initiatives in the state. A comprehensive, transparent, and participatory financial governance framework remains essential for realising meaningful tribal welfare outcomes in Kerala.

Reconsidering Intergroup Relations: the Historiography of Igala And Neighbouring Societies in the Niger-Benue Confluence.

2025-12-17T18:58:15+00:00

This research explores the Igala people’s perceptions of their neighbours, offering an impartial perspective on interethnic relations. Although social science scholars have primarily researched culture and civilisation, their methodologies often establish hierarchical classifications, which hinder dialectical reasoning and marginalise African perspectives in
their historiography. Ake (1981) argues that this trend is linked to slavery, colonialism, and Eurocentric narratives that have shaped African historical studies. Despite being insufficiently researched, the Igala are frequently reduced to their opposition to British imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries and their marginalisation in Nigeria. Pre-colonial Igala society had a sophisticated understanding of neighbouring communities, classifying them based on occupation, cuisine, and location, which contrasts with Eurocentric civilisational models that
depicted Africans as primitive. This study advocates a humanistic, multidisciplinary approach that democratises research by incorporating the perspectives of the communities studied, which is essential for historical objectivity. It introduces the “Igalanisation” approach, emphasising solidarity and collective humanity in addressing societal challenges. The research employs historical ethnography, combining oral interviews and descriptive analysis to construct a more comprehensive account. By focusing on Igala perspectives, this paper challenges existing paradigms and underscores the importance of indigenous knowledge
systems in reconstructing African history.

Understanding Criminality as a Social Process: A systematic review of Contemporary Criminological Theories

2026-01-23T04:03:39+00:00

The study understands criminality as a progression along a continuum; this is different from the often-held perspective that criminality is an individual trait or choice. In this way, the current study takes information obtained from systematic reviews of empirical criminological studies from 2000 to 2020 and synthesizes contemporary theoretical insights about how criminal behaviour emerges, persists and ceases through social interactions between structural conditions and institutional responses over time through three core research questions using the PRISMA framework. As a result of this systematic review, there is substantial agreement on five theoretical perspectives that dominate contemporary criminological research: General Strain Theory, Social Learning Theory, Social Control Theory, Labelling Theory and Life Course Criminology. Although many studies are framed within one theoretical perspective, the majority of studies combine multiple theoretical perspectives, reflecting a growing recognition that criminality is cumulative and relational in nature and exists in relation to social environments throughout the life course. Methodologically, the literature predominantly utilises longitudinal designs, self-report surveys and administrative data and focuses on social interactions, institutional contacts and developmental trajectories. In conclusion, the review presents a pronounced shift in criminological research away from individualistic and descriptive explanatory models in favour of process-oriented explanatory models that will continue to shape theoretical development in future criminological research.

The Effect of Social Factors (Socialization) on the Educational Level of Sudanese Women

2026-02-24T11:34:34+00:00

This study aimed to identify Socialization and its impact on the educational level of women in North Kordofan. The study reviewed the concept of Socialization from the perspectives of psychology and sociology, including its forms, institutions, and role. The research problem was centered on the fact that many people are unaware of the role of Socialization and its influence on women’s educational level, particularly in North Kordofan. The paper was based on the historical, descriptive, and analytical approach, while relying on interviews, observation, and discussion groups as research tools for data collection. The study concluded that the process of Socialization casts its shadow over women and society, affecting their trajectory and social mobility. The study indicates that 60% of married women are exposed to psychological violence, 23.3% are exposed to physical violence, and 10.9% suffer from sexual violence. Furthermore, 15.8% of unmarried women reported significant exposure to psychological violence. This is attributed to several factors in the community, such as low education rates and the customs and traditions that restrict women from claiming their rights, especially in rural communities. Girls also face difficulty accessing educational institutions, particularly
university education outside the region, and challenges related to the families’ economic status. The study recommends raising awareness, involving women in decision-making at all levels, and elevating the value of education, health, and primary healthcare. It also urges families to recognize the importance of education, especially for women in rural communities.

Changing Cultural Roots and Youth Identity in Bihar in the Era of Globalization

2026-03-02T05:24:44+00:00

This study explores the relationship between literary diversity, cultural roots, and the evolving identities of young people in Bihar within the larger framework of globalisation. Regional languages like Bhojpuri have influenced Bihar’s rich and diverse literary and cultural legacy. Hindi, Magahi, and Maithili, as well as oral traditions, folktales, and performative cultural forms. Throughout history, these literary traditions have been extremely important in forming juvenile sensibility, cultural ideals, and collective memory. However, mass media, internet platforms, and transnational literary genres have exposed Bihar’s youth to global cultural flows more and more, bringing with them new narratives, aesthetic forms, and value systems. The study investigates how Bihari
youth negotiate this intricate cultural environment using secondary data gathered from historical sources, sociological research, literary works, cultural criticisms, and census data. The results indicate that instead than ignoring indigenous customs, youth actively participate in regional literary and cultural legacies while incorporating global influences into their goals, identities, and worldviews. As a result of this engagement, young people are developing hybrid identities that are both open to global imaginations and grounded in local cultural traditions. According to the study, Bihar’s literary diversity serves as a dynamic arena for identity innovation as well as a storehouse of cultural memory. By emphasising trends of change and continuity, in light of
globalisation, the study emphasises the value of literary and cultural plurality in comprehending Bihar’s contemporary youth identity.