Quantification of Size Segregated Particulate Matter Deposition in Human Airways

Dr. B Srimuruganandam; Manojkumar N; Manojkumar N; SM Shiva Nagendra

Dr. B Srimuruganandam School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5552
Manojkumar N School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Manojkumar N School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
SM Shiva Nagendra Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Background: Air pollution has become a significant concern in both urban and rural sectors due to its
catastrophic effect on human health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM) is crucial among criteria
pollutants and is well correlated with human mortality and morbidity. Based on aerodynamic size, PM is
classified into coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5 and PM1). A recent study by World Health Organization showed
that PM has caused 7 million premature deaths globally. Also, the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) identified PM as carcinogenic as it is directly related to lung cancer. Human airway is the
primary pathway for PM to enter the human body. Hence the study on coarse and fine PM deposition in
the human respiratory tract is essential for health risk assessments.
Materials and Methods: Hourly measurements of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are measured during a winter using
Grimm aerosol spectrometer near an arterial roadside in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu, India. PM deposition
in the human airway is investigated using the Multiple-Path Particle Deposition Model (MPPD) version 3.04.
In MPPD model, the stochastic structure which depicts the real human lung is considered. The deposition
in MPPD model is assessed for three size fractions, i.e. PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 under different breathing
scenarios viz. nasal, oral, and oronasal.
Results: Highest total deposited mass rate obtained from the MPPD model for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 are 942
ng min-1, 345 ng min-1, and 104 ng min-1, respectively. The maximum deposited mass rate is also assessed
in the head (PM10 = 904 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 244 ng min-1; PM1 = 57 ng min-1), tracheobronchial (PM10 = 284 ng
min-1; PM2.5 = 60 ng min-1; PM1 = 24 ng min-1) and pulmonary (PM10 = 32 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 89 ng min-1; PM1
= 27 ng min-1) regions. In the head region, maximum deposition is caused by nasal breathing; whereas,
tracheobronchial (TB) and pulmonary regions, the oral breathing leads to higher deposition. Results also
showed that for all PM sizes the lobe wise depositions are in the following order: right upper > left lower
> left upper > right middle > right lower. Further, the airway clearance results indicated that PM removal
is faster in the TB region than the alveolar region.
Conclusion: PM10 has a higher deposition in the head region whereas PM2.5 and PM1 deposition is higher in
the TB and pulmonary regions. This indicates that PM deposition inside lungs is influenced by its size and
several other deposition mechanisms viz. inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion and interception.
Further, this study results can be utilized for assessing health risks such as oxidative potential and toxicity
of deposited PM.

How to cite this article: Manojkumar N, Srimuruganandam B, Nagendra SMS. Quantification of Size Segregated Particulate Matter
Deposition in Human Airways. J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2018; 5(4): 15-22.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201803

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