Exploring the Evolution of Criminology: From Classical to Contemporary Perspectives

Priyanka Sharma

Priyanka Sharma Student, Department of Political Science, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dibrugarh, Assam.

Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of criminology, tracing its development from classical theories to contemporary perspectives. Beginning with the rational choice theory of the classical school, the narrative progresses through positivist criminology’s exploration of biological determinants and the sociological insights of the Chicago School. Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory challenge traditional notions, leading to the emergence of routine activity theory and rational choice models in the latter half of the 20th century. The review also addresses recent advancements in genetic and neuroscientific research, highlighting their impact on understanding the biological underpinnings of criminal behavior. Throughout the journey, the article emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of criminology and the ongoing dialogue between researchers
and practitioners, ensuring its adaptability to societal changes. This exploration contributes to a nuanced understanding of crime and informs contemporary intervention strategies.

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