Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions among University Teaching Staff
Abstract
The present study measures the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intentions in the private universities teaching staff of Punjab. A sample of 300 university teaching faculty was studied. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. After ensuring the normality of the data, factor analysis was conducted to reduce the data into factors. After that, multiple regressions were applied in order to find out the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention. The results of the study highlighted that different factors of job satisfaction viz; time management and organizational support, leave policy and job security, organizational culture and job pressure were found to have a significant negative impact on urgency of quitting job and have a negative impact on the intention to leave among the teaching staff. Besides these, the paper also presents the managerial implications, limitations and future research of the study.
How to cite this article: Sehrawat P, Saluja PD. Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions among University Teaching Staff. J Adv Res Humani Social Sci 2020; 7(4): 6-19.
References
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5. Batt R, Colvin AJS, Keefe J. Employee Voice, Human Resource Practices, and Quit Rates: Evidence from the Telecommunications Industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 2002; 55(4): 573-594.
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7. Clark AE. Job Satisfaction and Gender: Why are the Women so Happy at Work. Labor Economics 1997; 4(4): 341-372.
8. Corporate Leadership Council. Employee Engagement and Retention. HR Quarterly News and Trends 2010; 4: 2-4.
9. Clark A. What Really Matters in a Job ? Hedonic Measurement Using Quit Data. Labor Economics 2001; 8(2): 223-242.
10. Corneliben T. Job Characteristics as Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Labour Mobility. Institute of Quantitative Economic Research, Discussion Paper 2006; 334. ISSN: 0949-9962.
11. Chung-Chin C, Baiyin Y. Structure and Mechanism of Organization Culture Identification in a Chinese Business Context. International Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2013; 41(8): 1347-1358.
12. Caza A, Barker BA. Ethics and Ethos: The Buffering and Amplifying Effects of Ethical Behavior and Virtuousness. Journal of Business Ethics 2004; 52(2): 169-178.
13. Cotton JL, Tuttle JM. Employee Turnover: A Meta- Analysis and review with Implications for Research,” Academy of Management Review 1986; 11(1): 55-70.
14. Cottini E, Kato T, Nielsen NW. Adverse Workplace Condition, High Involvement Work Practice and Labor Turnover: Evidence from Danish Linked Employer- Employee data. IZA Discussion Paper, 2009; 4587.
15. Chen ZX, Aryee S, Lee C. Test of the Mediation Model of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005; 66(3): 457-470.
16. Cranny C, Smith P, Stone E. Job Satisfaction: howPeople Feel about Their Jobs and how it affects Their Performance. New York: Wiley. 1992.
17. Carmeli A, Weisberg J. Exploring Turnover Intentions Among Three Professional Group of Employees. Human Resource Development International 2006; 9(2): 191-206.
18. Grip DA, Sieben I. The Effectiveness of More Advanced Human Resource Systems in Small Firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management (forthcoming). 2009. www.roa.nl/cv/degrip/pdf/degrip_sieben_hrm_2008.pdf.
19. Drago R, Wooden M. The Determinants of Labor Absence: Economic factors and Workgroup Norms across Countries,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 1992; 45(4): 764-778.
20. Dalton D, Hill J, Ramsay R. Women as Managers and Partners: Context Specific Predictors of Turnover in International Accounting Firms. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 1997; 16(1): 29-50.
21. Dalton DR, Todor WD. Turnover Turned Over. An Expended and Positive Perspective Academy of Management 1979; 4(2): 225-235.
22. Dickey H, Watson V, Zangelidis A. Job Satisfaction and Quit Intentions of Offshore Workers in the UK North Sea Oil and Gas Industry. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 2011; 58(5): 607-633.
23. Tienne D, Agle BK, Phillips RB et al. The Impact of Moral Stress Compared to Others Stressors on Employee Fatigue, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover: an Empirical Investigation. Impact of Moral Stress Springer 2012; 377-391.
24. Entwistle N. Motivation to Learn Conceptualization and Practices. British Journal of Education Studies 1987; 35(2): 129-148.
25. Eisenberger R, Armeli S, Rexwinkel B et al. Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001; 86(1): 42-51.
26. Elkordy M. Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture as Predictors of Employees Attitudinal Outcomes. Business Management Dynamics 2013; 3(5): 15-26.
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28. Fogarty TJ, Singh J, Rhoads GK et al. Antecedents and Consequences of Burnout in Accounting: Beyond the Role Stress Model. Behavioral Research in Accounting 2000; 12(24): 31-67.
29. Fang Y, Wang Y. Teaching Performance and Turnover: A Study of School Teachers in Singapore. Employment Relation Record 2006; 6(1): 33-48.
30. Fatimah O, Noraishah D, Nasir R et al. Employment Security as Moderator on the Effect of Job Security on Worker’s Job Satisfaction and Well Being. Asian Social Science 2012; 8(9): 50-56.
31. Green F, Zhu Y. Over Qualification, Job Satisfaction and increasing Dispersion in the returns to Graduate Education. Oxford Economic Papers 2010; 6(4): 740-763.
32. Griffeth RW, Hom PW, Gaertner S. A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employees Turnover. Journal of Management 2000; 26(3): 463-488.
33. Gautam T, Dick RV, Wagner U. Organizational Commitment in Nepalese Setting. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 2001; 4(3): 239-248.
34. Gieter DS, Cooman DR, Hofmans J et al. Pay Level Satisfaction and Psychological Rewards Satisfaction as Mediators of the Organizational Justice-Turnover Intention Relationship. International Studies of Management and Organizational 2012; 42(1): 50-67.
35. Harrell A, Eickhoff R. Auditors Influence-orientation and their Effective Response to Big Eight Work Environment. Auditing. A Journal of Practice and Theory 1988; 7: 105-118.
36. Hwang SI, Kuo HJ. Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities on Turnover Intention- an Examination of Public Sector Organization. The Journal of America Academy of Business 2006; 8(2): 254-259.
37. Heshizer BY. The Impact of Flexible Benefits Plans on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitments and Turnover Intentions. Benefits Quarterly 1994; 4: 84-90.
38. Hussain T, Asif S. Is Employees Turnover Intention Driven By Organizational Commitment and Perceived Organizational Support? Journal of Quality and Technology Management 2012; 8(2): 1-10.
39. Igbaria M, Greenhouse JJ, Silver M. Career Orientations and Career Success among Research and Development and Engineering Professional. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 1999; 16(1): 29-54.
40. Jeromy C. Turnover of Direct Support Professionals,” Delaware. Issue 2001; 2-3.
41. Joseph D, Ng KY, Koh C et al. Turnover of Information Technology Professionals: A Narrative Review, Metaanalytic Structural Equation Modeling, and Model Development. MIS Quarterly 2007; 31(1): 547-577.
42. Judge T, Higgins C, Thoresen C et al. The big five Personality Traits, General Mental Ability and Career Success across the Life Span. Personnel Psychology, 1999; 52(3): 621-652.
43. Kreis K, Brockopp DY. Autonomy: A Component of Teachers Job Satisfaction. 1986.
44. Khatri N, Budhwar P, Fern CT. Explaining Employee Turnover in an Asian Context. Human Resource Management Journal 2001; 11(1): 54-74.
45. Lyness KS, Judiesch MK. Are Female Managers Quitters?The Relationships of Gender, Promotions, and Family
Leaves of Absence to Voluntary Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001; 86(6): 1167-1178.
46. Luna-Arocas R, Camps J. A Model of High Performance Work Practices and Turnover Intentions. Personnel Review 2008; 37(1): 26-46.
47. Lance EC. Job Performance as a Moderator of the Satisfaction-Turnover Intention Relation: An Empirical Contrast of two Perspectives. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1988; 9: 271-280.
48. Lehman DR, Chiu CY et al. Psychology and culture. Annual Review of Psychology 2004; 55(1): 689-714.
49. Latif K, Shahid NM, Sohail N et al. Job Satisfaction among Public and Private College Teachers of District Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2011; 3(8): 235-242.
50. Lawler EE. Treat People Right. Jossey-Bass Inc. McGraw- Hill Irwin, San Francisco. 2003.
51. Latif K, Shahid NM, Sohail N et al. Job Satisfaction among Public and Private College Teachers of District Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 3(8): 235-242.
52. Lok P, Crawford J. The Effect of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. The Journal of Management Development 2003; 23(4): 321-338.
53. Martin AJ, Jones ES, Callan VJ. The Role of Psychological Climate in Facilitating Employee Adjustment during Organizational Change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2005; 14(3): 263-289.
54. Manafi M, Gheshmi R, Hojabri R. The Impact of Different Job Dimensions towards Job Satisfaction and Tendency to Leave: A study of Pharmaceutical Industry in Iran. International Journal of Business and Social Science 2012; 3(1): 183-191.
55. Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013), “Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention: Implication for Nursing Management,” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, Vol.1, No.2, pp.169-176.
56. Mehmood N, Irum S, Ahmed K et al. A Study of Factor Affecting Job Satisfaction (Evidence from Pakistan). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2012; 4(6): 673-684.
57. Negrin RM, Tzafrir SS. Job Search Modes and Turnover. Career Development International 2004; 9(5): 442-458.
58. N.G.H.W and Butts MM. Effectiveness of Organizational Efforts to Lower Turnover Intentions: The Moderating Role of Employee Locus of Control. Human Resource Management 2009; 48(2): 289-310.
59. Olabimitan BA, Ilevbare FM, Waheed A et al. Perceived Job Insecurity, Sex and Age as Predictors of Turnover Intentions among Employees of Merged Banks. Asian Journal of Business and Management Science 2009; 2(6): 69-79.
60. Price JL, Mueller CW. A Causal Model of Turnover for Nurses. Academy of Management Journal 1981; 24(3): 543-565.
61. Porter LW, Steers RM, Mowday RT et al. Organizational Commitments, Job Satisfaction and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 1974; 59(5): 603-609.
62. Parvin MM, Kabir MMN. Factor Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction of Pharmaceutical Sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 2011; 1(9): 113-123.
63. Qureshi MI, Iftikhar M, Abbas SG et al. Relation between Job Stress, Workload, Environment and Employees Turnover Intentions: What We Know, What Should We Know. World Applied Sciences Journal 2013; 23(6): 764-770.
64. Robbins PS, Judge AT. Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 2013; 15.
65. Rhoades L, Eisenberger R. Perceived Organizational Support, a review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 2002; 87(4): 689-714.
66. Rousseau DM. Why Workers Still Identify with Organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1998; 19(3): 217-233.
67. Shan MH. Professional Commitments and Satisfaction among Teachers in Urban Middle Schools. Journal of Educational Research 1998; 92(2): 67-73.
68. Sweeney B, Boyle B. Supervisory Actions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Irish Trainee Accountants. The Irish Accounting Review 2005; 12(3): 47-73.
69. Scandura T, Viator R. Mentoring in Public Accounting Firms: An Analysis of Mentor-protégé Relationships, Mentorship Function and Protégé Turnover Intentions. Accounting, Organization and Society 1994; 19(8): 717-734.
70. Shelton B, Markus. Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Cyber Security Practitioners’ Turnover Intentions. 2013. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369866653, Pro-Quest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT).
71. Skrla L, Scheurich JJ, Garcia J et al. Equity Audits: A Practical Leadership Tool for Developing Equitable and Excellent Schools. Educational Administration Quarterly 2004; 40(1): 133-161.
72. Saks AM. Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2006; 21(7): 600-619.
73. Sohail MT, Delin H. Job Satisfaction Surrounded by Academics Staff: A Case Study of Job Satisfaction ofAcademics Staff of the GCUL, Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2013; 4(11): 126-137.
74. Saeed R, Lodhi RN, Iqbal A et al. Factor Influencing Job Satisfaction of Employees in Telecom Sector of Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 2013; 16(11): 1476-1482.
75. Sass DA, Seal AK, Martin NK. Predicting Teacher Retention Using Stress and Support Variables. Journal of Educational Administration 2011; 49(2): 200-215.
76. Stahl GK, Chua CH, Caligiuri P et al. Predictors of Turnover Intentions in Learning Driven and Demand Driven International Assignments: The Role of Repatriation Concerns, Satisfactory with Company Support and Perceived Career Advancement Opportunities. Human Resource Management 2009; 48(1): 91-111.
77. Vandenberg RJ, Richardson HA, Eastman LJ. The Impact of High Involvement Work Processes on Organizational Effectiveness: A Second Order Latent Variable Approach. Group and Organizational Management 1999; 24(3): 300-339.
78. Wexley K, Yukl G. Organizational Behavior and Personal Psychology. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin. 1894.
79. Williams LJ, Hazer JT. Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Commitments in Turnover models: A Reanalysis using Latent Variables Structural Equation Methods. Journal of Applied Psychology 1986; 71(2): 219-231.
80. Wagner John A. Participation’s Effect on Performance and Satisfaction: A Reconsideration of Research Evidence. Academy of Management Review 1994; 19(2): 312-330.
81. Zehra S, Irum A, Saadmir et al. Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani University. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 2013; 9(2): 83-89.
2. Agnes M. Webster’s New World College Dictionary, New York, NY: Macmillian USA. 1999; (4).
3. Ali N, Baloch B. Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Intention. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2010; 2(5): 39-66.
4. Bushra A. Job Satisfaction and Women’s Turnover Intentions in Pakistan’s Public Universities. The Lahore Journal of Business 2012; 1(1): 59-77.
5. Batt R, Colvin AJS, Keefe J. Employee Voice, Human Resource Practices, and Quit Rates: Evidence from the Telecommunications Industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 2002; 55(4): 573-594.
6. Braddy PW, Meade AW. Organizational Recruitment Website effects on Viewers’ Perception of Organizational Culture. Journal of Business and Psychology 2006; 20(4): 525-543.
7. Clark AE. Job Satisfaction and Gender: Why are the Women so Happy at Work. Labor Economics 1997; 4(4): 341-372.
8. Corporate Leadership Council. Employee Engagement and Retention. HR Quarterly News and Trends 2010; 4: 2-4.
9. Clark A. What Really Matters in a Job ? Hedonic Measurement Using Quit Data. Labor Economics 2001; 8(2): 223-242.
10. Corneliben T. Job Characteristics as Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Labour Mobility. Institute of Quantitative Economic Research, Discussion Paper 2006; 334. ISSN: 0949-9962.
11. Chung-Chin C, Baiyin Y. Structure and Mechanism of Organization Culture Identification in a Chinese Business Context. International Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2013; 41(8): 1347-1358.
12. Caza A, Barker BA. Ethics and Ethos: The Buffering and Amplifying Effects of Ethical Behavior and Virtuousness. Journal of Business Ethics 2004; 52(2): 169-178.
13. Cotton JL, Tuttle JM. Employee Turnover: A Meta- Analysis and review with Implications for Research,” Academy of Management Review 1986; 11(1): 55-70.
14. Cottini E, Kato T, Nielsen NW. Adverse Workplace Condition, High Involvement Work Practice and Labor Turnover: Evidence from Danish Linked Employer- Employee data. IZA Discussion Paper, 2009; 4587.
15. Chen ZX, Aryee S, Lee C. Test of the Mediation Model of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005; 66(3): 457-470.
16. Cranny C, Smith P, Stone E. Job Satisfaction: howPeople Feel about Their Jobs and how it affects Their Performance. New York: Wiley. 1992.
17. Carmeli A, Weisberg J. Exploring Turnover Intentions Among Three Professional Group of Employees. Human Resource Development International 2006; 9(2): 191-206.
18. Grip DA, Sieben I. The Effectiveness of More Advanced Human Resource Systems in Small Firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management (forthcoming). 2009. www.roa.nl/cv/degrip/pdf/degrip_sieben_hrm_2008.pdf.
19. Drago R, Wooden M. The Determinants of Labor Absence: Economic factors and Workgroup Norms across Countries,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 1992; 45(4): 764-778.
20. Dalton D, Hill J, Ramsay R. Women as Managers and Partners: Context Specific Predictors of Turnover in International Accounting Firms. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 1997; 16(1): 29-50.
21. Dalton DR, Todor WD. Turnover Turned Over. An Expended and Positive Perspective Academy of Management 1979; 4(2): 225-235.
22. Dickey H, Watson V, Zangelidis A. Job Satisfaction and Quit Intentions of Offshore Workers in the UK North Sea Oil and Gas Industry. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 2011; 58(5): 607-633.
23. Tienne D, Agle BK, Phillips RB et al. The Impact of Moral Stress Compared to Others Stressors on Employee Fatigue, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover: an Empirical Investigation. Impact of Moral Stress Springer 2012; 377-391.
24. Entwistle N. Motivation to Learn Conceptualization and Practices. British Journal of Education Studies 1987; 35(2): 129-148.
25. Eisenberger R, Armeli S, Rexwinkel B et al. Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001; 86(1): 42-51.
26. Elkordy M. Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture as Predictors of Employees Attitudinal Outcomes. Business Management Dynamics 2013; 3(5): 15-26.
27. Firth L, Mellor DJ, Moore KA et al. How Can Managers Reduce Employee Intention to Quit. Journal of Psychology, 2004; 19(2): 170-187.
28. Fogarty TJ, Singh J, Rhoads GK et al. Antecedents and Consequences of Burnout in Accounting: Beyond the Role Stress Model. Behavioral Research in Accounting 2000; 12(24): 31-67.
29. Fang Y, Wang Y. Teaching Performance and Turnover: A Study of School Teachers in Singapore. Employment Relation Record 2006; 6(1): 33-48.
30. Fatimah O, Noraishah D, Nasir R et al. Employment Security as Moderator on the Effect of Job Security on Worker’s Job Satisfaction and Well Being. Asian Social Science 2012; 8(9): 50-56.
31. Green F, Zhu Y. Over Qualification, Job Satisfaction and increasing Dispersion in the returns to Graduate Education. Oxford Economic Papers 2010; 6(4): 740-763.
32. Griffeth RW, Hom PW, Gaertner S. A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employees Turnover. Journal of Management 2000; 26(3): 463-488.
33. Gautam T, Dick RV, Wagner U. Organizational Commitment in Nepalese Setting. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 2001; 4(3): 239-248.
34. Gieter DS, Cooman DR, Hofmans J et al. Pay Level Satisfaction and Psychological Rewards Satisfaction as Mediators of the Organizational Justice-Turnover Intention Relationship. International Studies of Management and Organizational 2012; 42(1): 50-67.
35. Harrell A, Eickhoff R. Auditors Influence-orientation and their Effective Response to Big Eight Work Environment. Auditing. A Journal of Practice and Theory 1988; 7: 105-118.
36. Hwang SI, Kuo HJ. Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities on Turnover Intention- an Examination of Public Sector Organization. The Journal of America Academy of Business 2006; 8(2): 254-259.
37. Heshizer BY. The Impact of Flexible Benefits Plans on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitments and Turnover Intentions. Benefits Quarterly 1994; 4: 84-90.
38. Hussain T, Asif S. Is Employees Turnover Intention Driven By Organizational Commitment and Perceived Organizational Support? Journal of Quality and Technology Management 2012; 8(2): 1-10.
39. Igbaria M, Greenhouse JJ, Silver M. Career Orientations and Career Success among Research and Development and Engineering Professional. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 1999; 16(1): 29-54.
40. Jeromy C. Turnover of Direct Support Professionals,” Delaware. Issue 2001; 2-3.
41. Joseph D, Ng KY, Koh C et al. Turnover of Information Technology Professionals: A Narrative Review, Metaanalytic Structural Equation Modeling, and Model Development. MIS Quarterly 2007; 31(1): 547-577.
42. Judge T, Higgins C, Thoresen C et al. The big five Personality Traits, General Mental Ability and Career Success across the Life Span. Personnel Psychology, 1999; 52(3): 621-652.
43. Kreis K, Brockopp DY. Autonomy: A Component of Teachers Job Satisfaction. 1986.
44. Khatri N, Budhwar P, Fern CT. Explaining Employee Turnover in an Asian Context. Human Resource Management Journal 2001; 11(1): 54-74.
45. Lyness KS, Judiesch MK. Are Female Managers Quitters?The Relationships of Gender, Promotions, and Family
Leaves of Absence to Voluntary Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001; 86(6): 1167-1178.
46. Luna-Arocas R, Camps J. A Model of High Performance Work Practices and Turnover Intentions. Personnel Review 2008; 37(1): 26-46.
47. Lance EC. Job Performance as a Moderator of the Satisfaction-Turnover Intention Relation: An Empirical Contrast of two Perspectives. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1988; 9: 271-280.
48. Lehman DR, Chiu CY et al. Psychology and culture. Annual Review of Psychology 2004; 55(1): 689-714.
49. Latif K, Shahid NM, Sohail N et al. Job Satisfaction among Public and Private College Teachers of District Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2011; 3(8): 235-242.
50. Lawler EE. Treat People Right. Jossey-Bass Inc. McGraw- Hill Irwin, San Francisco. 2003.
51. Latif K, Shahid NM, Sohail N et al. Job Satisfaction among Public and Private College Teachers of District Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 3(8): 235-242.
52. Lok P, Crawford J. The Effect of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. The Journal of Management Development 2003; 23(4): 321-338.
53. Martin AJ, Jones ES, Callan VJ. The Role of Psychological Climate in Facilitating Employee Adjustment during Organizational Change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2005; 14(3): 263-289.
54. Manafi M, Gheshmi R, Hojabri R. The Impact of Different Job Dimensions towards Job Satisfaction and Tendency to Leave: A study of Pharmaceutical Industry in Iran. International Journal of Business and Social Science 2012; 3(1): 183-191.
55. Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013), “Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention: Implication for Nursing Management,” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, Vol.1, No.2, pp.169-176.
56. Mehmood N, Irum S, Ahmed K et al. A Study of Factor Affecting Job Satisfaction (Evidence from Pakistan). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2012; 4(6): 673-684.
57. Negrin RM, Tzafrir SS. Job Search Modes and Turnover. Career Development International 2004; 9(5): 442-458.
58. N.G.H.W and Butts MM. Effectiveness of Organizational Efforts to Lower Turnover Intentions: The Moderating Role of Employee Locus of Control. Human Resource Management 2009; 48(2): 289-310.
59. Olabimitan BA, Ilevbare FM, Waheed A et al. Perceived Job Insecurity, Sex and Age as Predictors of Turnover Intentions among Employees of Merged Banks. Asian Journal of Business and Management Science 2009; 2(6): 69-79.
60. Price JL, Mueller CW. A Causal Model of Turnover for Nurses. Academy of Management Journal 1981; 24(3): 543-565.
61. Porter LW, Steers RM, Mowday RT et al. Organizational Commitments, Job Satisfaction and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 1974; 59(5): 603-609.
62. Parvin MM, Kabir MMN. Factor Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction of Pharmaceutical Sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 2011; 1(9): 113-123.
63. Qureshi MI, Iftikhar M, Abbas SG et al. Relation between Job Stress, Workload, Environment and Employees Turnover Intentions: What We Know, What Should We Know. World Applied Sciences Journal 2013; 23(6): 764-770.
64. Robbins PS, Judge AT. Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 2013; 15.
65. Rhoades L, Eisenberger R. Perceived Organizational Support, a review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 2002; 87(4): 689-714.
66. Rousseau DM. Why Workers Still Identify with Organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1998; 19(3): 217-233.
67. Shan MH. Professional Commitments and Satisfaction among Teachers in Urban Middle Schools. Journal of Educational Research 1998; 92(2): 67-73.
68. Sweeney B, Boyle B. Supervisory Actions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Irish Trainee Accountants. The Irish Accounting Review 2005; 12(3): 47-73.
69. Scandura T, Viator R. Mentoring in Public Accounting Firms: An Analysis of Mentor-protégé Relationships, Mentorship Function and Protégé Turnover Intentions. Accounting, Organization and Society 1994; 19(8): 717-734.
70. Shelton B, Markus. Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Cyber Security Practitioners’ Turnover Intentions. 2013. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369866653, Pro-Quest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT).
71. Skrla L, Scheurich JJ, Garcia J et al. Equity Audits: A Practical Leadership Tool for Developing Equitable and Excellent Schools. Educational Administration Quarterly 2004; 40(1): 133-161.
72. Saks AM. Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2006; 21(7): 600-619.
73. Sohail MT, Delin H. Job Satisfaction Surrounded by Academics Staff: A Case Study of Job Satisfaction ofAcademics Staff of the GCUL, Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2013; 4(11): 126-137.
74. Saeed R, Lodhi RN, Iqbal A et al. Factor Influencing Job Satisfaction of Employees in Telecom Sector of Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 2013; 16(11): 1476-1482.
75. Sass DA, Seal AK, Martin NK. Predicting Teacher Retention Using Stress and Support Variables. Journal of Educational Administration 2011; 49(2): 200-215.
76. Stahl GK, Chua CH, Caligiuri P et al. Predictors of Turnover Intentions in Learning Driven and Demand Driven International Assignments: The Role of Repatriation Concerns, Satisfactory with Company Support and Perceived Career Advancement Opportunities. Human Resource Management 2009; 48(1): 91-111.
77. Vandenberg RJ, Richardson HA, Eastman LJ. The Impact of High Involvement Work Processes on Organizational Effectiveness: A Second Order Latent Variable Approach. Group and Organizational Management 1999; 24(3): 300-339.
78. Wexley K, Yukl G. Organizational Behavior and Personal Psychology. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin. 1894.
79. Williams LJ, Hazer JT. Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Commitments in Turnover models: A Reanalysis using Latent Variables Structural Equation Methods. Journal of Applied Psychology 1986; 71(2): 219-231.
80. Wagner John A. Participation’s Effect on Performance and Satisfaction: A Reconsideration of Research Evidence. Academy of Management Review 1994; 19(2): 312-330.
81. Zehra S, Irum A, Saadmir et al. Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani University. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 2013; 9(2): 83-89.
Published
2021-09-10
How to Cite
SEHRAWAT, Parul; SALUJA, Prerna Dawar.
Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions among University Teaching Staff.
Journal of Advanced Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 4, p. 6-19, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2349-2872.
Available at: <http://thejournalshouse.com/index.php/Journal-Humanities-SocialScience/article/view/332>. Date accessed: 02 jan. 2025.
Section
Research Article
