A Review of Current Topics in Political Sociology: The Interaction of Power and Society

Shailesh Kumar

Shailesh Kumar Student, Department of Computer Science, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract

This review article explores contemporary issues in political sociology, emphasizing the intricate interplay between power, ideology, globalization, and the evolving nature of state and society. Political sociology, situated at the nexus of sociology and political science, examines how social structures influence political behavior and institutions. The article begins by dissecting the dynamics of power through Steven Lukes’ three-dimensional framework, addressing decision-making power, non-decision-making power, and ideological power. It then delves into the role of ideology, particularly through Antonio Gramsci’s concept of cultural hegemony, and its manifestation in modern populist and nationalist movements. The impact of globalization is analyzed in terms of economic, cultural, and political dimensions, highlighting the shifting power dynamics and the challenges to state sovereignty. Finally, the article reviews the evolving nature of the state, contrasting neoliberal, welfare, and surveillance state models, and their implications for social justice and democratic governance. Through this comprehensive examination, the article underscores the critical importance of political sociology in understanding and addressing the complex and changing landscape of contemporary societies.

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