Philosophical Comparative Study Between Vedanta (Advaita) And Co-Existential Philosophy By A. Nagraj Based On Their Objectives.

Abstract

This study presents a comparative philosophical study of Advaita Vedanta, a classical Indian system of non-dual metaphysics, and Co-existential Philosophy (Madhyasth Darshan), an Indian philosophical framework developed by A. Nagraj based on their objectives. Focusing on four key dimensions—metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, and ethics—the study explores how each tradition conceptualises the nature of reality, the self, knowledge, and human purpose. Advaita Vedanta posits the realisation of the self (Atman) as identical to Brahman as the ultimate goal, emphasising transcendence and detachment from the empirical world viewed as maya (illusion). In contrast, Co-existential Philosophy asserts the ontological reality of both consciousness and
the material world, proposing a vision of harmonious coexistence (saha-astitva) achievable through right understanding and ethical living within society and nature. While Advaita seeks liberation from worldly entanglement, Madhyasth Darshan affirms worldly engagement as the domain of fulfilment. This study highlights the complementarity and divergence between transcendental idealism and experiential realism in Indian thought, contributing to a deeper understanding of the pluralistic landscape of Indian philosophy.